Ilusão de controlo

Da Thinkfn

A ilusão de controlo (em inglês, Illusion of control) é a tendência que as pessoas têm para acreditar que podem controlar, ou pelo menos influenciar, eventos e resultados sobre os quais, demonstravelmente, não têm qualquer influência.

Exemplo

Uma forma simples desta falácia é observável nos casinos: quando jogam aos dados, foi demonstrado que as pessoas tendem a atirar os dados com mais força quando pretendem números elevados, e mais devagar quando pretendem números baixos.

Referências

  • Baron, J. (2000). Thinking and deciding (3d. edition). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65030-5
  • Allan, L. G. & Jenkins, H. M. (1980). The judgment of contingency and the nature of the response alternatives. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34, 1-11.
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175-1184.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • Fenton-O’Creevy, M., Nicholson, N. and Soane, E., Willman, P. Traders - Risks, Decisions, and Management in Financial Markets ISBN 0-19-926948-3
  • Fenton-O’Creevy, M., Nicholson, N. and Soane, E., Willman, P. (2003) Trading on illusions: Unrealistic perceptions of control and trading performance. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology 76, 53-68.
  • Gollwitzer, P. M., & Kinney, R. F. (1989). Effects of Deliberative and Implemental Mind-Sets On Illusion of Control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(4), 531-542.
  • Henslin, J. M. (1967). Craps and magic. American Journal of Sociology 73, 316-330.
  • Jenkins, H. H. & Ward, W. C. (1965) Judgement of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs, 79 (1, Wole No. 79).
  • Knee, C. R., & Zuckerman, M. (1998). A nondefensive personality: Autonomy and control as moderators of defensive coping and self-handicapping. Journal of Research in Personality, 32(2), 115-130.
  • Langer, E. J. (1975). The Illusion of Control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32(2), 311-328.
  • Langer, E. J. & Roth, J. (1975). Heads I win, tails it's chance: The illusion of control as a function of the sequence of outcomes in a purely chance task. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32(6), 951-955.
  • Langer, E. J. (1982). The Illusion of Control. In Kahneman D., Slovic P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press
  • Pacini, R., Muir, F., & Epstein, S. (1998). Depressive realism from the perspective of cognitive-experiential self-theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 1056-1068.
  • Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and Well-Being - a Social Psychological Perspective On Mental-Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 193-210.
  • Whyte, G., Saks, A. & Hook, S. (1997) When success breeds failure: The role of self-efficacy in escalating commitment to a losing course of action. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 415-432.